Brass is a copper-zinc alloy widely used in CNC machining for its ease of cutting and stable performance across a range of parts. This machinability comes largely from small amounts of lead (Pb) or other elements added to the copper-zinc base, which help chips break cleanly during cutting, reduce tool wear, and produce a smoother surface finish. This makes brass one of the easier metals to maintain tight tolerances at high spindle speeds, without frequent tool changes slowing down the run.
| Grade | Composition (approx.) | Tensile Strength | Fatigue Strength | Key Properties | Common Applications |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| C26000 | Cu 68.5–71.5%, Zn balance | 300–540 MPa (44–78 ksi) | ~130 MPa (19 ksi) | Excellent ductility, good cold-forming, moderate corrosion resistance | Cartridge cases, hardware fittings, locks, decorative parts |
| C36000 | Cu 60–63%, Zn balance, Pb 2.5–3.7% | 340–470 MPa (50–68 ksi) | ~110–140 MPa (16–20 ksi) | Best machinability, high processing efficiency | Precision CNC turned parts, screws/nuts, valve fittings |
| C46400 | Cu 60%, Zn ~39.2%, Sn ~0.8% | 380–585 MPa (55–85 ksi) | ~140–160 MPa (20–23 ksi) | Superior seawater/corrosion resistance, high strength | Marine hardware, offshore fasteners, heat exchangers |
| C69300 | Cu/Zn base with Bi/Si replacing Pb | 340–420 MPa (49–61 ksi) | ~120–140 MPa (17–20 ksi) | Lead-free, RoHS-compliant, near-leaded machinability | Drinking water parts, food-contact parts, medical fittings |
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